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Problems and Treatment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9 (5), 1908–1926. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9051908 Wright, P. H. (1982). Men’s friendships, women’s friendships and the alleged inferiority of the latter. Sex Roles, 8 (1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00287670 Endnotes 1 In this paper, we use the term “resident” instead of other terms like “prisoner”, “inmate” or “convict.” This is in keeping with the person-first language becoming more common in corrections today which humanizes (rather than dehumanizes) individuals living under correctional supervision. We do maintain the use of “inmate code” in direct quotes from residents and because it is the common vernacular. 2 The authors acknowledge individuals in prison may or may not fall into the gender binary of ‘male’ or ‘female’ or that their biological sex may not equate to their gender identity. However, the terms relating to sex and gender (male/man, female/woman) are used interchangeably in this paper because the individuals interviewed were housed in male or female institutions as assigned by the Pennsylvania State Department of Corrections. When referencing gender, the authors are referring to the type of prison in which an individual is housed and make no statements or assumptions about the individuals’ gender identities. 3 Readers should interpret this number with caution. It is possible the stigma around childhood sexual trauma and its interplay with perceptions of masculinity incentivize under reporting of this type of trauma.

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Daniela Barberi is a doctoral candidate in the Criminology, Law & Society program at George Mason University and is currently the director of the only governmental reentry program for people who have been previously incarcerated in Bogotá, Colombia (South America). Megan A. Stoltz earned her Ph.D. in Criminology, Law & Society from George Mason University and she is currently a Program Manager overseeing research and policy efforts at the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP). Shannon Magnuson earned her Ph.D. in Criminology, Law & Society from George Mason University and is currently a senior associate at Justice System Partners working with agencies to implement evidence-based practices. Danielle S. Rudes, Ph.D., is a professor of Criminal Justice and Criminology at Sam Houston State University and Deputy Director of the Center for Advancing Correctional Excellence at George Mason University.

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