Corrections_Today_May_June_2023_Vol.85_No.3

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NEWS&VIEWS AND MORE

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American Correctional Association Corrections Today May/June 2023 Vol. 85, No. 3

Features 24

“We appreciate you” 2023 Corrections Wreath Laying Ceremony at Law Enforcement Officers Memorial By Kirk Raymond

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44 2023 Winter Conference in Orlando Recap By Kirk Raymond

Pre-release housing units A comprehensive reinsertion scheme By Juan José González González

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Intelligence-led corrections By Christopher Wright

Research behind the walls and razor wire By Kyle L. Roberson, Ph.D. and Dylan Hinkle, M.S.

Cover photo: istock/Gabriele Maltinti

2 — May/June 2023 Corrections Today

CHAPTERS AND AFFILIATES

Alabama Council on Crime and Delinquency—Albany Criminal Justice Association—Alston Wilkes Society—American Catholic Correctional Ministries—American Correctional Health Services Association—American Institute of Architects—American Jail Association—American Probation and Parole Association—Appalachian State University Student Chapter—Arizona Probation, Parole and Corrections Association—Arizona State University ACA Student Chapter—Association for Correctional Research and Information Management—Association of Correctional Food Service Affiliates— Association of Paroling Authorities International—Association of State Correctional Administrators—Association of Programs for Female Offenders—Association of Women Executives in Corrections—Bellmont High School Student Chapter—Brown Mackie College ACA Student Chapter—California Probation, Parole and Correctional Association— Caribbean Correctional Association—Champlain Valley Educational Services—Clayton State University Justice Society—Colorado Criminal Justice Association—Columbia-Greene Community College—Criminal Justice Club Student Chapter—Concordia University Sociology of Law & Justice Club—Connecticut Criminal Justice Association—Correctional Accreditation Managers Association—Correctional Association of Massachusetts—Correctional Education Association—Correctional Healthcare Providers of the United States—Council of Juvenile Correctional Administrators—District of Columbia Criminal Justice Association—Eastern Kentucky University Corrections and Juvenile Justice Student Association—Family and Corrections Network—Florida Council on Crime and Delinquency—Harrison College Criminal Justice Association Student Chapter—Hawaii Criminal Justice Association—Historical Association for Corrections—Illinois Correctional Association—Indiana Criminal Justice Association—Integrated Correctional Association of the Philippines (ICAP) Inc.—International Association for Correctional and Forensic Psychology—International Association of Correctional Training Personnel—International Correctional Arts Network—International Corrections and Prisons Association—International Community Corrections Association—Iowa Corrections Association—Jamaica Federation of Corrections—ITT Technical Institute ACA Student Chapter—Ivy Tech Community College Terre Haute Branch ACA Student Chapter—Juvenile Justice Trainers Association—Kansas Correctional Association—Kentucky Council on

Crime and Delinquency Inc.—Louisiana Correctional Association—Martin University Student Chapter—Maryland Criminal Justice Association— Michigan Corrections Association—Middle Atlantic States Correctional Association—Minnesota Corrections Association—Missouri Corrections Association—Missouri Western University Student Chapter—Moraine Park Technical College Corrections Club—National Association of Blacks in Criminal Justice—National Association of Correctional Record Administrators and Supervisors—National Association of Juvenile Correctional Agencies— National Association of Probation Executives—National Association of Adult and Juvenile State Corrections Mental Health Directors—National Correctional Industries Association Inc.—National Council on Crime and Delinquency—National Council of Juvenile Correctional Administrators— National Juvenile Detention Association—National Major Gang Task Force—National Organization of Hispanics in Criminal Justice—National Partnership for Juvenile Services—Nebraska Correctional Association— Nevada Corrections Association—New Jersey Chapter Association—New Mexico Criminal Justice Association—New York Corrections and Youth Services Association—North American Association of Wardens and Superintendents—North Carolina Correctional Association—Northern Illinois University Academic Justice Association—Ohio Correctional and Court Services Association—Oklahoma Correctional Association— Oregon Criminal Justice Association—Parole and Probation Compact Administrators Association—Pennsylvania Association of Probation, Parole and Corrections—Pierce College Criminal Justice Club—Prison Fellowship—Puerto Rico Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation Association—Richmond Community College Student Chapter—St. Augustine’s College ACA Student Chapter—Salvation Army—South Carolina Correctional Association—Southern States Correctional Association—State University of New York–Albany—Tennessee Corrections Association— Texas Corrections Association—University of Central Missouri Student Chapter—University of Illinois/Chicago Criminal Justice Society—Utah Correctional Association—Virginia Correctional Association—Volunteers of America Inc.—Washburn University ACA Student Chapter—Washington Correctional Association—Western Illinois University Corrections Club— Western Correctional Association—Westwood College Angels—Wisconsin Correctional Association—WITC New Richmond Criminal Justice Club— Wyoming Correctional Association

OFFICERS PRESIDENT

Denise M. Robinson, Ohio IMMEDIATE PAST PRESIDENT Tony C. Parker, Tennessee VICE PRESIDENT Tyrone Oliver, Georgia PRESIDENT-ELECT Ricky D. Dixon, Florida TREASURER Harbans S. Deol, Ph.D., Nebraska BOARD OF GOVERNORS REPRESENTATIVES Burl Cain, Mississippi Garry M. McFadden, North Carolina SECRETARY James A. Gondles Jr., CAE, Virginia EDITORIAL STAFF EDITOR-IN-CHIEF James A. Gondles Jr., CAE MANAGING EDITOR Kirk Raymond GRAPHICS AND PRODUCTION STAFF GRAPHIC DESIGNER Carla DeCarlo COMMUNICATIONS SPECIALIST Sarah Castillo ADVERTISING AND MARKETING STAFF DIRECTOR, CONVENTIONS, ADVERTISING AND CORPORATE RELATIONS Kelli McAfee PRODUCTION COORDINATOR Mary Misisco ACA EXECUTIVE OFFICE AND DIRECTORS EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR James A. Gondles Jr., CAE Robert L. Green — Executive Director Designee DEPUTY EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Jeffrey Washington SENIOR EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT India Vargas CONVENTIONS, ADVERTISING AND CORPORATE RELATIONS DIRECTOR Kelli McAfee FINANCIAL SERVICES AND HUMAN RESOURCES DIRECTOR William Lake MEMBERSHIP AND CUSTOMER SERVICE DIRECTOR Roberta Gibson COMMUNICATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS DIRECTOR Kirk Raymond OFFICE OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH DIRECTORS Elizabeth Gondles, Ph.D. — Senior Director Terri L. Catlett — Director Dr. Dean Aufderheide — Director of Mental Health STANDARDS AND ACCREDITATION DIRECTOR David Haasenritter PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT DIRECTORS Elizabeth Gondles, Ph.D. — Senior Director Dee Whitaker — Director INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ACTING DIRECTOR Jeffrey Washington INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES DIRECTOR Elizabeth Gondles, Ph.D. — Director

ARTICLE AND PHOTO SUBMISSIONS: Managing Editor, 206 N. Washington St., Suite 200, Alexandria, VA 22314; email submissions@aca.org. Articles must be in Microsoft Word. Please include all contact information. Unless expressly requested in writing, all photos and artwork submitted become the property of ACA and may be used in future ACA publications. Articles and photos will not be returned unless expressly requested by author.

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Statements contained in Corrections Today are the personal views of the authors and do not constitute ACA policy unless so indicated. ACA does not assume responsibility for the content of Corrections Today as submitted by contributors, reserves the right to edit all articles and, if necessary, condense them. The publication of any advertisement by ACA is neither an endorsement of the advertiser nor of the products or services advertised. ACA is not responsible for any claims made in advertisements. MISSION STATEMENT: The American Correctional Association provides a professional organization for all individuals and groups, both public and private, that share a common goal of improving the justice system. Corrections Today (ISSN 0190-2563, USPS 019-640) is published six times a year in January/ February, March/April, May/June, July/August, September/October, November/December by the American Correctional Association, 206 N. Washington St., Suite 200, Alexandria, VA 22314; 703-224-0000. Send any changes to Corrections Today, Attn: Membership Department, 206 N. Washington St., Suite 200, Alexandria, VA 22314. Subscriptions are included in annual membership dues. Nonmember subscription rates are $25 per year for Corrections Today ($36 value) or $6 per issue. Printed in USA. Vol. 85, No. 3. Copyright 2023 by the American Correctional Association.

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News&Views

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From Jim’s Desk 8 Correctional Chaplain Perspectives

14 NIC Update 18 NIJ Update 63 ACA Featured Departments

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Welcome New Members

66

Certification List

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Bookshelf

74

Celebrating Greatness — 2024 ACA Awards Nomination Forms

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Accreditation Byline

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Corrections Calendar

National Correctional Officers and Employees Week: Last Chance to Send Us Your Photos!

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Index to Advertisers/ Product Index

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Click here to send your NCOEW photos by June 15, 2023 to submissions@aca.org

4 — May/June 2023 Corrections Today

Correctional Behavioral Health Training and Certification Program

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For more information, email healthcare@aca.org

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NEWS&VIEWS

From Jim’s Desk The importance and effect of government on our lives

W hether we like it or not, government is part of our lives. And guess what? Government has always been part of Americans’ lives. Think the Ameri can Revolution happened by magic? Of course, it did not. The oldest leg islative body in the new world, the Virginia House of Delegates (then called the Virginia House of Bur gesses) voted to oppose the English King, as did countless other colony governments. And a rag-tag govern ment formed a rag-tag army that defeated the British at Yorktown. Sure, it’s easy to gripe about government “intrusion.” I am guilty of that gripe as well. But if we did not have organized government, we would be in a state of chaos. As we brush our teeth every day, the chemi cals allowed or not allowed, in our toothpaste are controlled by govern ment regulations or laws. The water we drink is regulated by government action. The clothes we wear have

certain requirements as to content of fabric and dye used in it. Many “anti-government” individ uals believe government should only provide for the national defense and maybe provide infrastructure like bridges and highways. Some even believe government has no place in education. And certainly, in our system of democracy, persons are allowed those beliefs and the ability to espouse those issues. But realistically, we are far be yond only providing for the national defense and infrastructure. It would be very difficult to take regulations and laws out of our educational systems as we know them today. Can you imagine what would happen to unregulated medical standards, medicine content and hospital ser vices without government? To be sure there are legitimate arguments about government intrusion in our lives. At what point is there too much government?

There are plenty of good reasons to debate what government should or should not do in our everyday living. Are helmet laws good or bad for motorcycle riders? Should we have speed limits on interstate highways? Should government privatize any service it has or will provide for in the future? The list is endless. But think long and hard next time you are angered by a government action, a government employee or the purpose of government itself. Government is not the enemy. Whether we like it or not, govern ment is us. Government is people. And all people matter. So does our government.

James A. Gondles Jr., CAE ACA Executive Director

6 — May/June 2023 Corrections Today

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NEWS&VIEWS

CORRECTIONAL CHAPLAIN PERSPECTIVES

The relevant chaplain and TOPUCU By Joe Pryor and Norm Mulder C haplains play a vital role in shaping and maintaining the culture of any correctional

In spite of the critical role of cor rectional chaplains, when budgets tighten, it is often the chaplain posi tion that is either eliminated or held open for salary savings. Would this be the case if chaplains across the country had established their rel evancy in the facility? There is, to be sure, both Passive Relevancy and Active Relevancy at play here. Passive Relevancy occurs when the Chaplains show up for work, put in tireless hours, are present, compassionate and provide great programs. However,

Passive Relevancy is dependent upon facility leadership that sees and appreciates the value of chaplains and offers appropri ate support in times of budgetary constraints. Active Relevancy , on the other hand, occurs when the chaplain thinks outside the box of ways to in tegrate what they do into the overall fabric of the facility. This most of ten occurs when the chaplain works closely with other programs and security staff, learns what they do day-in and day-out, and creatively seeks out ways to contribute outside the confines of the Chapel. Active Relevancy takes creativity, tenacity and consistency, but the result is the establishment of a chaplaincy pres ence in the facility that is relevant to decision-makers at all levels of the agency. Generating genuine self-change in individuals One such program that sup ports Active Relevancy and can be offered by the chaplains is called TOPUCU, which is an acronym for The Only Person U Cheat is U. Developed in 2014 by Norm Mul der, a self-described high school misfit who through grit and deter mination built a successful wealth

facility. They are available 24/7 for emergencies, whether it be among the incarcerated population or staff, provide quality programs that con tribute to the spiritual well-being of those in their care and accommodate the constitutionally protected free exercise of religion. A frequent and challenging call for a correctional chaplain is to deliver a death notifi cation to someone in their care and be available for grief counseling.

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Correctional Chaplain Perspectives

Guided lessons for TOPUCU TOPUCU guides the participant through two distinct and easy to understand program sections, The Starter and The Finisher . The Starter portion of the curric ulum guides the participant through seven lessons. Lesson one explores how habits are formed by discussing triggers, routines and rewards. Les son two discusses the importance of understanding the difference between internal and external mo tivation. Lesson three introduces Pain Association Transfer where the student is encouraged to assess the value of going through the “pain” of changing now, as opposed to the “pain” they will suffer later if they don’t change. Lesson four outlines the process by which people allow thoughts to become actions, even when those actions are not desirable outcomes. Lesson five implements the proven method of visualization to stay on track in accomplishing a goal. Lesson six teaches how to control and plan the 168 hours each week that everyone is given. Lesson seven is about making a commit ment to never return to old ways that were not resulting in “right living”. The Finisher portion of the cur riculum engages the student in a ten-part assessment of key areas of their life, resulting in a personal ized, and well thought out mission statement, and guides the student in setting short-term, mid-term, long term and what TOPUCU calls the “big hairy audacious goal” in impor tant life focus areas. TOPUCU is available in both print and digital versions. The digital version is already on most of the

management company, TOPUCU teaches the skills that Norm learned along the way to become success ful. TOPUCU’s Mission Statement is: “To equip people with principles to identify and change habits, make better decisions, manage their time, and develop a clear mission and goals to ultimately transform their lives”. A 2019 study conducted by Robert Hanser and colleagues was published in the April 2020 edition of The Journal of Correctional Edu cation which drew several interesting conclusions. 1 The overall goal of the study was to determine whether criminal thinking possessed by incarcerated individuals would be significantly reduced through psychoeducation using the TOPUCU curriculum. This study utilized the Criminal Thinking Scale (CTS) as a pre-test and post test measure of criminal thinking among participants in the TOPUCU program. 2 Results between both mea sures of the CTS showed significant reductions in criminal thinking. In its conclusion, the report states, “This study has found support for the idea that TOPUCU can be effective in reducing criminal thinking, instill ing changes in thinking and changes in subsequent behavior; this is the intended purpose of the TOPUCU model. Findings from this study also point toward the strength of a blended or hybrid model of delivery, one that requires both a peer instruc tor from the facility population and a professional staff person, to optimize the impact on criminal thinking across subscales”. This blended approach affords the chaplain the

opportunity to team with other department staff to offer TOPUCU, thereby contributing to the Active Relevancy strategy. Dr. Hanser and his team also con cluded that: “The observed support for this model’s efficacy in changing thinking and behavior means that it is likely to be a very good addition to any treatment program, as an adjunct or even a stand-alone curriculum. Treatment administrators should con sider the use of TOPUCU as a means of instilling a method of generating genuine self-change in individu als who wish to do so”. Again, this is another great opportunity for the correctional chaplain to establish rel evancy by being supportive of other departments in the facility. TOPUCU’s Mission Statement is: “To equip people with principles to identify and change habits, make better decisions, manage their time, and develop a clear mission and goals to ultimately transform their lives”.

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NEWS&VIEWS

ENDNOTES 1 Hanser, R. D., Kuanliang, A., Horne, A., Hanser, G. M., & Horne, A. (2020). The Impact of a Motivational Curriculum Upon Criminal Thinking Among Incarcerated Men. Journal of Correctional Education (1974-) , 71 (1), 90–107. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/26915043 2 Institute of Behavioral Research. (2007). Criminal Thinking Scales. Fort Worth, TX: Texas Christian University (TCU). Retrieved from: http://ibr.tcu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/CTSForm-sg-REV- v11.pdf

tablet providers learning platforms used in correctional facilities. It is available in a standard and faith based version. Being actively relevent The role of the correctional chaplain in every facility is critical to meeting the spiritual, emotional and mental health needs of both incarcer ated men and women and staff. When the presence of chaplains in a facility is reduced, or worse yet, eliminated, everyone suffers. Chaplains seeking ways to be Actively Relevant in a facility is essential in today’s correc tional world with strained budgets. Introducing TOPUCU, and other high-quality, life-changing programs, and doing so in collaboration with other staff in the facility, is one way to ensure the ongoing presence of chaplains.

Norm Mulder is an entrepreneur, civic leader, passionate student of leadership, and founder of TOPUCU. He is a Vietnam Veteran

Joe Pryor is an ordained Baptist Minister and is endorsed as a Chaplain by the Baptist General Convention of Texas.

His thirty-six years in ministry include

who served faithfully with the United States Army. Upon returning from his military service, Norm became a firefighter/paramedic. During this time he successfully launched and sold his first business, which led him into financial planning. Forty years later he is an owner of a Wealth Management Company with 91 offices, over 900 representatives and currently has over 1.8 billion dollars of assets under management.

pastoring three churches, and a twenty one-year career as a Chaplain in the Federal Bureau of Prisons. He also served as an Assistant Warden, Warden, and Senior Director for Reentry following his Bureau career. As the Founder of Joe Pryor Consulting Services, LLC, he advises correctional agencies and nonprofits on a variety of correctional concerns. Joe is married to Vickie and they have three children and six grandchildren.

For more information about TOPUCU, see their website at: www.topucu.com.

“TOPUCU helps me be motivated in life, so that you can accomplish what it is that you want to accomplish.” Bedford High School Junior “The response was fantastic and I can say nothing but good things about the program.” Case Manager at Marion “This program is like no other offered here in Ohio’s prison system. TOPUCU has taught me, in a very short time, how to look inside of myself in order to make permanent and very positive changes. TOPUCU is a pow erful and needed program for all.” Robert H.

10 — May/June 2023 Corrections Today

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Correctional Nurse Manager Training and Certification Program

The CCN/M First Edition Study Guide NOW AVAILABLE!

• The CCN/M certification cate gory includes individuals who work as nurse managers in a correctional environment. • They are management staff who may contribute to the development of policy and procedures, are responsible for their implementation and have authority over staff nurses.

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Correctional Nurse Manager Training and Certification Curriculum

Module 1 — Health Care in Corrections Section 1A – Appropriate and Necessary Health Care Section 1B – Access to Care Section 1C – Total Quality Management Section 1D – Prevention of Contagion Module 2 — Legal Issues in Corrections Section 2A – History of Correctional Law Section 2B – Inmate Rights v. Inmate Privileges Section 2C – Landmark Court Cases Section 2D – Inmate Grievances Section 2E – Confidentiality Module 3 — Behavioral Health Section 3A – Basics of Mental Illness Section 3B – Mental Health Assessments Section 3C – Crisis Intervention Section 3D – Suicide Prevention Section 3E – Trauma Informed Care Section 3F – The Multidisciplinary Service Team and Multidisciplinary Treatment Team Section 3G – Managing Disruptive Inmates Section 4A – Scope and Nature of Correctional Nursing Section 4B – Understanding the Standards of Correctional Nurse Practice Section 4C – Understanding the Standards of Professional Performance Section 4D – Ethics Section 4E – Accreditation Module 4 — Nursing Practice and Accreditation

Module 5 — Security Section 5A – Equipment/Supplies Accountability Section 5B – Inspections and Investigations Section 5C – Problem Inmates Section 5D – Emergencies Module 6 — General and Inmate Management Section 6A – Special Needs Inmates Section 6B – Policy and Procedures Section 6C – Communication Section 6D – Classification Section 6E – Health Education Programs Module 7 — Conflict Management Section 7A – Staff Conflict Management Section 7B – Inmate Conflict Management Section 7C – Mediation Section 7D – Staff Grievances Module 8 — Human Resource Management Section 8A – Staff Management Section 8B – Recruitment and Retention Section 8C – Staff Development

Eligibility Requirements: Certified Correctional Nurse Manager (CCN/M)

• RN license in good standing with corresponding state nursing board

• 2 years of correctional nurse management experience; supervises other medical personnel and administrative staff

• Associate, Bachelor of Science (B.S.), Master of Science (M.S.) in Nursing or completion of an accredited nursing program

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NEWS&VIEWS

NIC UPDATE

Working on the inside … succeeding on the outside By P. Elizabeth Taylor

Laying the foundation O ver 11 million adults in the United States. It’s a daunting statistic considering the economic burden that jails place on our com munities. Jails also pose social costs to the family unit, and these should not be minimized. Many of the people we work with (and for) are stuck on the merry-go-round of transition annually through approximately 3,200 jails

incarceration, spending most of their adult life in and out of jail (doing life on the installment plan). They are separated from family, use illegal substances to cope with feelings of inadequacy, are detached from a sense of responsibility, lack market able job skills and are always coming from where they should have been. They experience challenges related to their complex health and human service needs, lack of post-release

support, and inability to secure and/ or maintain employment that pro vides a livable wage. As a result, we need to change how we do business. A successful workforce system for justice-involved adults requires migration from a “face them and place them” mentality towards a model based on risk/needs/responsiv ity (RNR), incorporating assessment, services and support. This transfor mative model has helped redefine

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NIC Update

workforce development for justice involved adults while identifying the components of a system that is both effective and efficient. Reintegration challenges related to brief length of stays in jails and lack of coordinated post-release support and employment services also need to be addressed. Research has indicated the need for strategies that improve outcomes through programming and services targeting criminogenic risks while addressing the collateral conse quences related to incarceration. In response, Sheriff Christopher R. Swanson of Genesee County, Michi gan, established a program—Inmate Growth Naturally and Intention ally Through Education (I. G. N. I. T. E.)—to provide hope and opportunity for justice-involved adults transitioning from the Gen esee County jail. With the goal of breaking the chain of generational in carceration, IGNITE was announced on September 8, 2020. Established to exceed historical jail educational programs beyond the ability to earn a GED, Sheriff Swan son’s program sought to provide incarcerated people the opportunity to return to the community with an education and the foundation for sustainable life success. Passion … Purpose … Possibility As an executive of the fifth largest county in Michigan, Sheriff Swan son directs the operations of the 580-bed Genesee County Jail. With nearly three decades of criminal justice and law enforcement experi ence, Sheriff Swanson embraced a holistic approach to change the culture of his facility. His aim was to provide hope and opportunity while

Emphasizing procedural justice from the very beginning, Sheriff Swanson was steadfast in creating a program that included community leaders, community activists and individuals dedicated to criminal justice reform. Engaging and including members of the community from wide ranging backgrounds helped the jurisdiction develop a new level of law enforce ment and community trust. These were supported by a commitment to provide 24/7 jail access to commu nity leaders to ensure transparency. Who Ignite serves Many adults have few oppor tunities for advancement when they are released from jail because of the collateral consequences of incarceration; in fact, many are at a disadvantage prior to their incarcera tion because of a family history of poverty, inadequate education, a his tory of substance abuse and mental health disorders and poor physical health and/or chronic illnesses. In response, IGNITE was designed not only to help participants overcome these barriers, but also to re-energize them through both formal and informal educational opportuni ties. Participants can complete their high school education, enroll in credit-bearing college courses, earn a certification in food and beverage safety, health & wellness, finan cial literacy and automotive trades. Eligibility is open to all individuals, with diverse programming allowing for participation at various academic levels. Participants are enrolled in 10 hours of classes per week based on the results of an assessment completed at intake. A class runs five days a week, two hours per day.

creating a structured and safe envi ronment for staff and incarcerated individuals. Established to exceed historical jail educational programs beyond the ability to earn a GED, Sheriff Swanson’s program sought to provide incarcerated people the opportunity to return to the com munity with an education and the foundation for sustainable life success. They could identify com mon barriers to unemployment and underemployment while address ing the evidence-based practices that help decrease recidivism rates and improve reentry outcomes. the opportunity to return to the community with an education and the foundation for sustainable life success. Established to exceed historical jail educational programs beyond the ability to earn a GED, Sheriff Swanson’s program sought to provide incarcerated people

Corrections Today May/June 2023 — 15

NEWS&VIEWS

development of a robust program that was designed to be transparent and to provide a completely new educational opportunity for incar cerated individuals and wrap-around services for community reentry. The Office of Sheriff engages in a rigor ous social media and professional media campaign to keep the com munity up to date on the progress of IGNITE. Facing challenges The COVID-19 pandemic was a major obstacle during the final stages of planning and implementation of IGNITE, but the commitment of the people involved and their ability to focus on program goals and objec tives helped ensure program success. Also, the Office of Sheriff worked diligently to create an environment within the jail that followed CDC guidelines, which allowed for the continued completion of the IGNITE rollout. The Office of Sheriff did not have its first confirmed case of CO VID-19 until October 8, 2020, nearly 7 months after the pandemic began. In addition to COVID-19, ob stacles related to program cost and Internet accessibility had to be resolved. Costs associated with the program are covered by the imple mentation of commissary tablets for the participants for use when they are not in school; these tablets provide them with the ability to use email, conduct video visits, play games, watch movies and order commissary. Revenue from this initiative covers the cost of IGNITE programming. Also note Global Tele-link and Gen esee County Information Technology worked diligently with the sheriff’s office to install two dedicated Wi-Fi

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Anyone incarcerated in the Genesee County Jail is eligible to participate in IGNITE, allowing for the simul taneous engagement of people from diverse backgrounds and abilities. Also, participants have access to the Internet, allowing them the ability to complete virtual training programs, email resumes and explore job opportunities. How Ignite serves Two assigned sheriff deputies coordinate the routine operations of IGNITE, providing daily reports to the sheriff, jail administrator and executive staff. In addition to maintaining a safe and secure environment, the deputies (each a certified corrections deputy with pro fessional backgrounds in education and leadership) routinely interact with the incarcerated people in their care to address their concerns while overseeing the class schedules and programs. But in addition to the efforts of the staff assigned to this

project, the success of IGNITE is a result of the coordination and involvement of community part ners and/or stakeholders, e.g., Mt. Morris Community Schools, NFL Alumni-Detroit Chapter, Coach Jim Harbaugh — University of Michigan, Chief Justice Bridget McCormack — Michigan Supreme Court, Devon Gardner, Braylon Ed wards, Randy Wise Buick GMC, the Genesee County Board of Commis sioners, the Michigan Department of Corrections, the Sports Marketing Agency, Auto Zone — Detroit Re gion, Aramark, Genesee Intermediate School District, Mott Community College, Global Tele-Link, Genesee County Ambassadors, and Genesee County Community Action Resource Department . The Office of Sheriff engaged the community and partners over a 12-month period during the devel opment of IGNITE. During this time, the community and partners were involved in the planning and

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NIC Update

and development as IGNITE serves as a model for correctional facilities across the nation. In September 2021, Sheriff Swanson and the IGNITE Team traveled to Hennepin County in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to assist in the implementation of Helping Others by Providing Education

networks, one for Chromebook and educational needs and one for dedicated commissary/canteen tablet service. Facing the future The Office of Sheriff is prepared to face challenges as they come, embracing opportunities for growth

(H.O.P.E.) — providing support based on the IGNITE model. Today, H.O.P.E. is changing the culture of incarceration in Hennepin County under the leadership and commit ment of Sheriff David Hutchinson. Moving forward, the effective ness of I.G.N.I.T.E. will be evaluated based on an assessment of specific performance measurements, e.g., number of students enrolled, number of hours of coursework completed, number of teaching hours, number of students earning their GED, reading level improvement, number of high school graduates, number of IGNITE graduates and number of job oppor tunities. This data tracking system will be implemented in collabora tion with Mt. Morris Community Schools. To date, 1,844 students have been enrolled. A total of 127,650 teach ing hours have resulted in 63% of students passing their GED Subject Test, 18 students earning their GED and three students receiving their high school diploma. In addition, 32 students have returned to the com munity with full-time employment. The Office of Sheriff has document ed the implementation of IGNITE from idea to implementation. De signed to be applied to a correctional facility of any size, IGNITE can be replicated in any facility. Specialist with the National Institute of Corrections, currently serving as Program Manager for the Correctional Industries, Evidence-Based Workforce Series, and the Jail to Community Reentry Initiative. P. Elizabeth Taylor is a Correctional Program

What people are saying ”

“We are transforming the incarceration model into educa tion. We’re breaking the chains of generational incarceration start ing right here in Genesee County. If we can break generational incarceration, then everybody wins when it comes to inmates being housed.” “The IGNITE Program is what positive change looks like! Saluting Genesee County, Flint, and Sheriff Chris Swan son for providing much needed educational opportunities that are cutting edge and [that] will hopefully be followed by others around the country.” — Jim Harbaugh Head Coach, University of Michigan Football — Christopher R. Swanson Sheriff

“Even if they are credentialed, even if they have a high school diploma from a few years back and they’re still struggling with reading comprehension, we’ll approach that to hopefully make their life a little bit better moving forward.” — Al Peters Mt. Morris Schools, Principal “Good [does] come out of bad, you know? I’m just thankful and grateful I was given this op portunity. It was a long journey, but I stuck through it. I never would have thought that I’d be the one standing up here before all of [you] and the last man standing.” — Leon Mize, IGNITE Graduate

To find out more about IGNITE, visit www.sheriffs.org/ignite

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NIJ UPDATE

Addressing contraband in prisons and jails as the threat of drone

deliveries grows By National Institute of Justice Staff

reviews technologies and strategies to address them. These reports were developed by NIJ’s Criminal Justice Testing and Evaluation Consortium. (Learn more about the consortium at cjtec.org). The reports offer foundational insights from use cases, highlight challenges of contraband detection, compare illustrative products, and discuss the future of contraband detection and management. The five reports on contraband are: 1. Contraband and Drones in Correctional Facilities 2. Contraband Detection Technol ogy in Correctional Facilities 3. Detecting and Managing Drug Contraband 4. Mitigating Contraband via the Mail 5. Detecting and Managing Cell Phone Contraband Download each brief at https:// cjtec.org/technology-foraging/ contraband-detection-management.

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stopping and seizing contraband before it reaches a facility’s popula tion. One concern is the growing capabilities of drones that can deliver contraband into a facility. To help correctional leaders make the right decisions to slow or stop the flow of contraband, the National In stitute of Justice has created a series of reports that identifies and assesses an array of contraband risks and

The opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this publica tion do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. E very day, correctional facili ties face formidable threats from contraband such as illicit weapons, drugs, and cell phones. Prison and jail leaders and staff need new, more sophisticated means of

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NIJ Update

Figure 1

– Walk-through devices speed up scanning but are more expensive. – Less expensive detection op tions are limited in the types of contraband that they can detect. – More expensive options can detect more types of contraband than less expensive options; however, more expensive op tions may have higher radiation exposure than options that are less expensive. – Handheld devices that detect vehicle-borne contraband are less expensive than drive through detectors but have limited range and require more scanning time. – Environmental detection technologies can identify contraband hidden in walls, furniture, mail, and packages. These portable and fixed de vices vary widely in their range, cost, and ability to detect vari ous types of contraband. Detecting and managing drug contraband: – Strategies that focus on drug detection at the points of entry to the facility have the great est potential to mitigate drug contraband. – Eradicating drugs from the prison system requires a com prehensive and multimodal approach. – A multi-layered detection ap proach using X-ray scanners, chemical detection devices, digitized mail programs, and facility-based drug treatment programs can significantly

reduce drugs within correctional facilities. – Drugs are commonly smuggled into prisons and jails by in carcerated persons, staff, and visitors. Concealment efforts make it difficult to identify incoming drugs with any one technology or strategy. – Technology can address chal lenges presented by variations in drug composition and drug smuggling routes, but tech nology cannot fully replace corrections staff assigned to identify and seize contraband. – It is critical to engage the com munity because awareness of drug interception strategies may deter attempted drug smuggling and recidivism. Mitigating contraband via the mail: – Digitizing the incoming person al mail of incarcerated persons may reduce the flow of drugs into facilities. – Drugs cannot be smuggled in regular mail when all mail is diverted to an offsite mail pro cessing vendor that digitizes the written content. – The shutdown of the mailroom pipeline will not reduce the de mand for drugs by incarcerated persons. Pressure on other com mon contraband pathways (for example, smuggling by staff and visitors, “throw-overs,” or drone drops) could increase if mail is digitized. – When implemented as part of a bundled communications platform serving incarcerated persons and coordinated to take advantage of the need for fewer

Figure 1: Contraband detection must consider methods of entry, types of contraband, and other asso ciated factors. Reports in this series highlight technologies used and their associated trade-offs related to performance, price, and operational issues. This article focuses particularly on contraband and drones; however, it’s important to mention the follow ing key takeaways from the other four reports. Contraband detection technologies in correctional facilities: – Contraband detection technolo gies scan for contraband that is either carried by or on a person, in a vehicle, or within an environment or space. – Handheld devices designed to detect contraband on a person

are low cost, portable, and effective but take more time to scan.

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NEWS&VIEWS

mailroom staff, digitized mail can be cost-efficient.

their agency operational use case. For smaller facilities, mass shakedowns of housing units and recreation areas using metal detectors or systems that detect magnetic objects may sufficiently deter forbidden cell phone usage. “The most promising strategy against illicit drone activity is a multilayered approach that merges sensor capabilities to overcome the performance gaps of an individual technology.”

– The growth, and grow

ing sophistication, of drone technology. – The multi-faceted threat drones pose to the correctional system. – Rapidly evolving technology to detect drones. – Key policy and practice considerations for leaders of cor rectional facilities and systems. Actual and perceived legal con straints on detection tools stand in the way of progress on the deployment of drone detection technology. Capa bilities for detecting and mitigating drones may implicate federal criminal laws, including those related to the surveillance of, access to, and damage to computers and damage to aircraft. Further, the rapid sophistication of drone technology challenges develop ers to keep up with current trends. Efforts to defeat drones that carry contraband face additional barriers, including: – Uncertainty about the extent of the threat posed by drones because our ability to mea sure drone capabilities is still emerging. – Many current detection tech nologies are military-oriented and may not fit the operational needs, budgets, and restraints of the corrections field. (For example, to date, it has not been a requirement or stan dard practice for a correctional facility to have a manager of air domain awareness and countermeasures.) – The penal system has not yet developed operations standards to guide drone detection and abatement.

Detecting and managing cell phone contraband: – Cell phone technology advances continuously and makes detec tion and deterrence a challenge. – A multilayered system of defense in a correctional facil ity can systematically defend against the flow and use of cell phone contraband. – Detection technology, such as radio frequency detection, that can locate a cell phone signal or recognize components that are trafficked at multiple loca tions within a facility shows the greatest promise for limiting cell phone contraband. – New technologies, such as micro-jamming and managed access systems, can disrupt and disable cell phone signals, but they have significant disadvan tages. They can conflict with federal policies, they are costly, and targeted phones may still function with Wi-Fi or other communication methods. – SIM card exchanges are in creasingly used as a means of communication that circum vents the need for cellular communication. Currently, no technologies comprehensively disable SIM cards. Existing technologies in this space work well in theory but often have limitations when applied to the real-world setting of a high security correctional facility. – Corrections leaders must deploy technologies to deter contra band cell phone use that fit

— Neal Parsons

A closer look at drones and contraband

As the specter of drones deliver ing contraband grows so does the need for new technology to detect illicit drone flights and apprehend drone operators. Research by NIJ’s Criminal Justice Testing and Evaluation Con sortium offers new insights on:

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