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programs can break down these barriers while encour aging the growth of motivation. Doing such can lead to positive changes within the community, including less crime, intergenerational incarceration and intergenera tional illiteracy. It is imperative that the support for adult prison literacy programs continues. CT END NOTES Aiello, Brittnie. L. “‘We Incarcerate to Set Free’: Negotiating Punishment and Rehabilitation in Jail.” Journal of Qualitative Criminal Justice & Criminology, vol.1, no.2, 2013, pp. 293-316. Arbour, William, et al. “Prison Rehabilitation Programs: Efficiency and Targeting.” IZA Discussion Papers, no.14022, pp. 1- 34. Boudin, Kathy. “Critical Thinking in a Basic Literacy Program: A Problem Solving Model in Corrections Education.” Journal of Correctional Education , vol. 46, no.4, 1995, pp. 141-145. Burgess, Stephen. “The Preschool Home Literacy Environment Provided by Teenage Mothers.” Early Child Development and Care , vol. 175, no. 3, 2005, pp. 249-258. Cabus, Sofie, et al. “Multi-Layered Perspective on the Barriers to Learning Participation of Disadvantaged Adults.” Zeitschrift für Weiterbildungsforsc hung , vol. 43, no. 2, 2020, pp. 169-196. Carter, Shannon. “ HOPE, ‘Repair,’ and the Complexities of Reciprocity: Inmates Tutoring Inmates in a Total Institution.” Community Literacy Journal , vol. 2, no. 2, 2008. pp. 87-107. Chaney, Cassandra. “Bridging the Gap: Promoting Intergenerational Family Literacy Among Low-Income, African American Families.” Journal of Negro Education, vol. 83, no. 1, 2014, pp. 29-48. Clark, Alyssa, and Chloe Haderlie. “Illiteracy Among US Adults”. Ballard Brief , 2020, pp. 1-24. Comings, John P. “Persistence: Helping Adult Education Students Reach Their Goals.” Review of Adult Learning and Literacy, vol. 7, 2023, pp. 23-46. Routledge. Cooter, Kathleen S. “When Mama Can’t Read: Counteracting Intergenera tional Illiteracy.” Issues in Urban Literacy, vol. 59. no. 7, 2006, pp. 698-702. Couloute, Lucius, and Daniel Kopf. “Out of Prison & Out of Work: Unemployment Among Formerly Incarcerated People.” Prison Policy Initiative , vol. 107, no. 5, 2018, pp. 1-14. Courtney, Jeremy A. “The Relationship Between Prison Education Programs and Misconduct.” Journal of Correctional Education, vol. 70, no. 3, 2019, pp. 43-59. Davis, Kate, and Jenny Ostini. “Understanding the Post-Release Technology Experiences of Women Ex-Prisoners: Do They Have the Access and Literacies to Support Employment and Study.” University of Southern Queensland, pp. 1-57. Davis, Lois M., et al. “ How Effective Is Correctional Education, and Where Do We Go from Here? The Results of a Comprehensive Evaluation (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2014).” pp. 1-143.

Dewey, Susan, et al. “Higher Education in Prison.” Journal of Correctional Education , vol. 71, no. 1, 2020, pp. 57-89. Duwe, Grant, and Makada Henry-Nickie. “Training and Employment for Correctional Population.” Contexts, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 40-45. Evans, Douglas N. et al., “ Education in Prison and the Self-Stigma: Empowerment Continuum.” Crime & Delinquency , vol. 64, no. 2, 2018 pp. 255-280. Faradova, Gunay. “Adult Education: Contribution to the Sustainable Development Goals.” Quality Education, 2020, pp. 1-17, doi:10.1007/978-3 319-95870-5_1 Felix, Agnes. “Investigating Barriers to Participation in Adult Learning Among Adult Learners at a University in Southern Africa: A Chain-of Response Model” University of the Western Cape , 2020, http://hdl.handle. net/11394/7209 Finlay, Jayne, and Jessica Bates. “What Is the Role of the Prison Library? The Development of a Theoretical Foundation.” Journal of Prison Education and Reentry , vol. 5 , no. 2, 2018, pp. 120-139. Flynn, Sarah, et al. “Barriers to Education for the Marginalized Adult Learner.” Alberta Journal of Educational Research, vol. 57, no. 1, 2011, pp. 43-58. Foley, Jillian, et al. “Breaking the Cycle: Interrupting Generational Incarceration in Maine”. Justice Policy, vol. 35, 2020. Galeshi, Roofia, and Riane M. Bolin. “The Influence of Correctional Education, Skill Proficiency, and Lifelong Learning on Social Outcomes of Incarcerated Individuals: Results from PIAAC.” The Social Science Journal, vol. 59, no. 3, 2020 , pp. 424-438, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. soscij.2019.09.007. Greenberg, Elizabeth, et al. “Literacy Behind Bars: Results from the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy Prison Survey: Chapter 4--Education and Job Training in Prison.” Journal for Vocational Special Needs Education , vol. 30, no. 2, 2008, pp. 27-34. Halsey, Mark, and Melissa de Vel-Palumbo. Generations Through Prison: Experiences of Intergenerational Incarceration. Routledge, 2020. Hopwood, Shon. “Beyond First steps: Reforming the Federal Bureau of Prisons.” Federal Sentencing Reporter, vol. 31, no. 2, 2018, pp. 119-125. Ioannidou, Alexandra, and Andrea Parma. “Risk of Job Automation and Participation in Adult Education and Training: Do Welfare Regimes Matter?” Adult Education Quarterly, vol. 72, no. 1, 2022, pp. 84-109, https:// doi.org/10.1177/07417136211026635. Jones, Jane. “Reparation Through Reading: A Collaborative Approach to Adult and Family Literacy in Western Australian Prisons.” State Library of Western Australia, 2014, IFLA Library. Jones, Leslie Ø., and Terje Manger. “Literacy Skills, Academic Self‐Efficacy, and Participation in Prison Education.” The Wiley handbook of adult literacy , 2019, 151-169, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119261407.ch7. Kim, Son Chae, et al. “Impacts of Peer Tutoring on Academic Performance of First-Year Baccalaureate Nursing Students: A Quasi Experimental Study.” Nurse Education Today, vol. 96, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j. nedt.2020.104658. →

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